Maths Olympiad Prep

Track / Stage 7 / 98 of 300 #1498 of 1964

Problem 1498

National Olympiad second round; IMO P1/P4
Geometry Difficulty 7.1 Prove it

Points A′,B′,C′A', B', C' lie on sides BC,CA,ABBC, CA, AB of triangle ABC.ABC. for a point XX one has ∠AXB=∠A′C′B′+∠ACB\angle AXB =\angle A'C'B' + \angle ACB and ∠BXC=∠B′A′C′+∠BAC.\angle BXC = \angle B'A'C' +\angle BAC. Prove that the quadrilateral XA′BC′XA'BC' is cyclic.

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, then read the official solution and mark yourself. Be honest about it: the record is only any use to you if it is.

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Official solution

1. Given Conditions and Notations:
- Points A′,B′,C′ A', B', C' lie on sides BC,CA,AB BC, CA, AB of triangle ABC ABC .
- For a point X X , we have:
∠AXB=∠A′C′B′+∠ACB \angle AXB = \angle A'C'B' + \angle ACB
∠BXC=∠B′A′C′+∠BAC \angle BXC = \angle B'A'C' + \angle BAC

2. Objective:
- Prove that the quadrilateral XA′BC′ XA'BC' is cyclic.

3. **Introduction of Point P P :**
- Let P P be the intersection of the circumcircles of triangles AB′C′,A′BC′,A′B′C AB'C', A'BC', A'B'C .

4. Angle Chasing:
- Consider the circumcircle of △AB′C′ \triangle AB'C' . By the properties of cyclic quadrilaterals, we have:
∠APB=∠ACB+∠PAC+∠PBC \angle APB = \angle ACB + \angle PAC + \angle PBC
- Since P P lies on the circumcircle of △A′B′C \triangle A'B'C , we can write:
∠PAC=∠PC′B′ \angle PAC = \angle PC'B'
∠PBC=∠PC′A′ \angle PBC = \angle PC'A'
- Therefore:
∠APB=∠ACB+∠PC′B′+∠PC′A′ \angle APB = \angle ACB + \angle PC'B' + \angle PC'A'
- Given that ∠AXB=∠A′C′B′+∠ACB \angle AXB = \angle A'C'B' + \angle ACB , we can substitute:
∠APB=∠ACB+∠A′C′B′ \angle APB = \angle ACB + \angle A'C'B'
- This implies:
∠AXB=∠APB \angle AXB = \angle APB

5. **Verification for ∠BXC \angle BXC :**
- Similarly, consider the circumcircle of △A′BC′ \triangle A'BC' . By the properties of cyclic quadrilaterals, we have:
∠BPC=∠BAC+∠B′A′C′ \angle BPC = \angle BAC + \angle B'A'C'
- Given that ∠BXC=∠B′A′C′+∠BAC \angle BXC = \angle B'A'C' + \angle BAC , we can substitute:
∠BPC=∠BAC+∠B′A′C′ \angle BPC = \angle BAC + \angle B'A'C'
- This implies:
∠BXC=∠BPC \angle BXC = \angle BPC

6. Conclusion:
- Since ∠AXB=∠APB \angle AXB = \angle APB and ∠BXC=∠BPC \angle BXC = \angle BPC , point P P coincides with point X X .
- Therefore, quadrilateral XA′BC′ XA'BC' is cyclic because X X lies on the circumcircle of △A′BC′ \triangle A'BC' .

■\blacksquare

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty, ordering) added by this project.