Maths Olympiad Prep

Track / Stage 3 / 192 of 260 #192 of 1964

Problem 192

AMC 10/12, early questions
Number theory Difficulty 3.7 Multiple choice

Call a positive real number special if it has a decimal representation that consists entirely of digits 00 and 77. For example, 70099=7.07=7.070707\frac{700}{99}= 7.\overline{07}= 7.070707\cdots and 77.00777.007 are special numbers. What is the smallest nn such that 11 can be written as a sum of nn special numbers?

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Official solution

Define a super-special number to be a number whose decimal expansion only consists of 00's and 11's. The problem is equivalent to finding the number of super-special numbers necessary to add up to 1 7 =0.142857142857\text{1 7 =0.142857142857}. This can be done in 88 numbers if we take
0.111111 , 0.011111 , 0.010111 , 0.010111 , 0.000111 , 0.000101 , 0.000101 , 0.000100\text{0.111111 , 0.011111 , 0.010111 , 0.010111 , 0.000111 , 0.000101 , 0.000101 , 0.000100}
Now assume for sake of contradiction that we can do this with strictly less than 88 super-special numbers (in particular, less than 1010.) Then the result of the addition won't have any carry over, so each digit is simply the number of super-special numbers which had a 11 in that place. This means that in order to obtain the 88 in 0.1428\text{0.1428}, there must be 88 super-special numbers, so the answer is (B) 8\boxed{\textbf{(B)}\ 8}.

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty, ordering) added by this project.