Maths Olympiad Prep

Track / Stage 5 / 365 of 400 #965 of 1964

Problem 965

AIME late
Algebra Difficulty 5.7 Prove it

Given a1=1,an+1=ann+naa_{1}=1, a_{n+1}=\frac{a_{n}}{n}+\frac{n}{a}. Prove that for n4n \geqslant 4, n<an<n+1\sqrt{n}<a_{n}<\sqrt{n+1}.

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, then read the official solution and mark yourself. Be honest about it: the record is only any use to you if it is.

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Official solution

8. First prove that f(x)=xn+nxf(x)=\frac{x}{n}+\frac{n}{x} is a decreasing function on (0,n)(0, n), then use mathematical induction to prove nannn1\sqrt{n} \leqslant a_{n} \leqslant \frac{n}{\sqrt{n-1}}, and then prove an<n+1a_{n}<\sqrt{n+1}.

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty, ordering) added by this project.