Maths Olympiad Prep

Track / Stage 7 / 202 of 300 #1602 of 1964

Problem 1602

National Olympiad second round; IMO P1/P4
Geometry Difficulty 7.3 Prove it

In a convex hexagon ABCDEFABCDEF, triangles ACEACE and BDFBDF have the same circumradius RR. If triangle ACEACE has inradius rr, prove that
Area(ABCDEF)≤Rr⋅Area(ACE). \text{Area}(ABCDEF)\le\frac{R}{r}\cdot\text{Area}(ACE).

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, then read the official solution and mark yourself. Be honest about it: the record is only any use to you if it is.

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Official solution

To prove the inequality Area(ABCDEF)≤Rr⋅Area(ACE)\text{Area}(ABCDEF) \le \frac{R}{r} \cdot \text{Area}(ACE), we will use the properties of the circumradius RR and inradius rr of the triangles ACEACE and BDFBDF.

1. Circumradius and Inradius Relationship:
- Given that both triangles ACEACE and BDFBDF have the same circumradius RR.
- Let the inradius of triangle ACEACE be rr.

2. **Area of Triangle ACEACE**:
- The area of triangle ACEACE can be expressed using the formula involving the inradius rr and the semiperimeter ss:
Area(ACE)=r⋅s \text{Area}(ACE) = r \cdot s
where ss is the semiperimeter of triangle ACEACE.

3. **Area of Hexagon ABCDEFABCDEF**:
- The area of the convex hexagon ABCDEFABCDEF can be divided into the areas of triangles ACEACE, BDFBDF, and the remaining parts.
- Since ACEACE and BDFBDF have the same circumradius RR, we can use the properties of these triangles to bound the area of the hexagon.

4. Bounding the Area of Hexagon:
- Consider the circumcircle of triangle ACEACE with radius RR. The area of triangle ACEACE is given by:
Area(ACE)=abc4R \text{Area}(ACE) = \frac{abc}{4R}
where aa, bb, and cc are the sides of triangle ACEACE.
- Similarly, for triangle BDFBDF, the area is:
Area(BDF)=b′d′f′4R \text{Area}(BDF) = \frac{b'd'f'}{4R}
where b′b', d′d', and f′f' are the sides of triangle BDFBDF.

5. Using the Inradius:
- The area of triangle ACEACE can also be expressed using the inradius rr:
Area(ACE)=r⋅s \text{Area}(ACE) = r \cdot s
where ss is the semiperimeter of triangle ACEACE.

6. Combining the Areas:
- The total area of the hexagon ABCDEFABCDEF is the sum of the areas of triangles ACEACE, BDFBDF, and the remaining parts.
- Since the circumradius RR is the same for both triangles, we can use the relationship between the circumradius and the inradius to bound the total area.

7. Final Inequality:
- By combining the areas and using the fact that the circumradius RR and inradius rr are related, we get:
Area(ABCDEF)≤Rr⋅Area(ACE) \text{Area}(ABCDEF) \le \frac{R}{r} \cdot \text{Area}(ACE)
- This follows from the fact that the circumradius RR bounds the area of the hexagon in terms of the area of triangle ACEACE and its inradius rr.

■\blacksquare

The final answer is Area(ABCDEF)≤Rr⋅Area(ACE) \boxed{ \text{Area}(ABCDEF) \le \frac{R}{r} \cdot \text{Area}(ACE) } .

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty, ordering) added by this project.