Maths Olympiad Prep

Track / Stage 3 / 173 of 260 #173 of 1964

Problem 173

AMC 10/12, early questions
Algebra Difficulty 3.4 Find the answer

Given the function f(x)=log⁡2(16x+k)−2xf(x)=\log_{2}(16^{x}+k)-2x (k∈R)(k\in\mathbb{R}) is an even function.
(1) Find kk;
(2) If the inequality m−1⩽f(x)⩽2m+log⁡217m-1\leqslant f(x)\leqslant 2m+\log_{2}17 holds for all x∈[−1,12]x\in[-1, \frac{1}{2}], find the range of the real number mm.

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

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Official solution

Solution:
(I) Since f(x)=log⁡2(16x+k)−2x=log⁡2(4x+k4x)f(x)=\log_{2}(16^{x}+k)-2x=\log_{2}(4^{x}+ \frac{k}{4^{x}}),
Therefore, f(−x)=log⁡2(4−x+k4−x)=log⁡2(k4x+4−x)f(-x)=\log_{2}(4^{-x}+ \frac{k}{4^{-x}})=\log_{2}(k4^{x}+4^{-x}),
From f(−x)=f(x)f(-x)=f(x) always holding, we get k=1k=1.
(II) Since log⁡2(4x+4−x)\log_{2}(4^{x}+4^{-x}), let t=4xt=4^{x}, given x∈[−1,12]x\in[-1, \frac{1}{2}],
Therefore, t∈[14,2]t\in[\frac{1}{4},2],
Since the function y=t+1ty=t+ \frac{1}{t} is increasing on [14,1][\frac{1}{4},1] and decreasing on [1,2][1,2],
Therefore, when t=1t=1, i.e., x=0x=0, the function f(x)f(x) has its minimum value f(0)=1f(0)=1,
Therefore, when t=14t= \frac{1}{4}, i.e., x=−1x=-1, the function f(x)f(x) has its maximum value f(−1)=log⁡2174f(-1)=\log_{2} \frac{17}{4},
Since m−1⩽f(x)⩽2m+log⁡217m-1\leqslant f(x)\leqslant 2m+\log_{2}17 holds for all x∈[−1,12]x\in[-1, \frac{1}{2}],
Therefore, m−1⩽1m-1\leqslant 1 and log⁡2174⩽2m+log⁡217\log_{2} \frac{17}{4}\leqslant 2m+\log_{2}17.
Solving gives −1⩽m⩽2-1\leqslant m\leqslant 2
Hence, the range of mm is [−1,2]\boxed{[-1,2]}.

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty, ordering) added by this project.