Maths Olympiad Prep

Track / Stage 5 / 293 of 400 #893 of 1964

Problem 893

AIME late
Algebra Difficulty 5.5 Multiple choice

Given the system of equations {x−2y=z−2u,2yz=ux.\left\{\begin{array}{l}x-2 y=z-2 u, \\ 2 y z=u x .\end{array}\right. For each set of positive real solutions (x,y,z,u)(x, y, z, u), where z⩾yz \geqslant y, there exists a positive real number MM such that M⩽zyM \leqslant \frac{z}{y}. Then the maximum value of MM is:

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Official solution

6. C\mathrm{C}

Let the set of all positive real solutions (x,y,z,u)(x, y, z, u) of the system of equations be SS, then M⩽min⁡(x,y,z,k)∈:zyM \leqslant \min _{(x, y, z, k) \in:} \frac{z}{y}, so Mmax⁡=min⁡(1,y,z,u)∈≤zyM_{\max }=\min _{(1, y, z, u) \in \leq} \frac{z}{y}.
Since x−2y=z−2ux-2 y=z-2 u, we have x+2u=z+2yx+2 u=z+2 y.
Thus, (x+2u)−8xu=(x−2u)2⩾0(x+2 u)-8 x u=(x-2 u)^{2} \geqslant 0.
Therefore, (z+2y)2−16zy⩾0(z+2 y)^{2}-16 z y \geqslant 0.
Thus, (zy)2−12(zy)−4⩾0\left(\frac{z}{y}\right)^{2}-12\left(\frac{z}{y}\right)-4 \geqslant 0, and zy⩾1\frac{z}{y} \geqslant 1.
Hence, zy⩾6+42\frac{z}{y} \geqslant 6+4 \sqrt{2}.
When x=2,u=1,z=2+2,y=2−22x=2, u=1, z=2+\sqrt{2}, y=\frac{2-\sqrt{2}}{2}, we have zy=6+42\frac{z}{y}=6+4 \sqrt{2}. Therefore, min⁡(x,y,x,u)∈,zy=\min _{(x, y, x, u) \in,} \frac{z}{y}= 6+426+4 \sqrt{2}.
Thus, Mmax⁡=6+42M_{\max }=6+4 \sqrt{2}.

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty, ordering) added by this project.