Maths Olympiad Prep

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, 2022

Geometry Difficulty 5.8 AIME, harder Prove it Taiwan

Let I,O,H,ΩI, O, H, \Omega be the incenter, circumcenter, orthocenter, and circumcircle of triangle ABCABC, respectively. Let AIAI meet Ω\Omega at M≠AM \neq A, let IHIH meet BCBC at DD, and let MDMD meet Ω\Omega at E≠ME \neq M.
Prove that line OIOI is tangent to the circumcircle of △IHE\triangle IHE.

Solution

Take a point XX such that △XHI∼△XIO\triangle XHI \sim \triangle XIO. We first prove that XX lies on Ω\Omega: take Y,ZY, Z such that △XAY∼△XBZ∼△XHI\triangle XAY \sim \triangle XBZ \sim \triangle XHI, then by spiral similarity, △IAH∼△OYI\triangle IAH \sim \triangle OYI. This tells us that ∠OYI=∠IAH=∠OAI\angle OYI = \angle IAH = \angle OAI, that is, A,O,I,YA, O, I, Y are concyclic. Similarly, B,O,I,ZB, O, I, Z are concyclic. Let PP be the intersection of AYAY and BZBZ; then again by spiral similarity, △AIB∼△YOZ\triangle AIB \sim \triangle YOZ, so we obtain
∠APB=∠YAI+∠AIB+∠IBZ=∠YOI+∠AIB+∠IOZ=2⋅∠AIB=∠ACB, \angle APB = \angle YAI + \angle AIB + \angle IBZ = \angle YOI + \angle AIB + \angle IOZ = 2 \cdot \angle AIB = \angle ACB,
that is, PP lies on Ω\Omega. Then from ∠AXB=∠(AY,BZ)=∠APB\angle AXB = \angle (AY, BZ) = \angle APB we get that XX also lies on Ω\Omega.
Since ∠XHI=∠XIO\angle XHI = \angle XIO, OIOI is tangent to ⊙(XHI)\odot(XHI), so we only need to prove that E,X,H,IE, X, H, I are concyclic. Note that ∠DBM=∠BEM\angle DBM = \angle BEM, so MD⋅ME={‾MB}2={‾MI}2MD \cdot ME = \overline\{MB\}^2 = \overline\{MI\}^2, hence
∠MEI=∠DIM=∠HIA=∠IOY=∠IAP=∠MEP, \angle MEI = \angle DIM = \angle HIA = \angle IOY = \angle IAP = \angle MEP,
that is, E,I,PE, I, P are collinear. Therefore, from ∠IEX=∠YAX=∠IHX\angle IEX = \angle YAX = \angle IHX we obtain that E,X,H,IE, X, H, I are concyclic.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement translated into English from zh; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.