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Geometry Difficulty 6.9 National Olympiad Prove it Ukraine

Points BB and CC are chosen on the circle with diameter ADAD in such a way that AB=ACAB = AC. Point PP is an arbitrary point of the segment BCBC, and points MM and NN are chosen on the segments ABAB and ACAC respectively in such a way that PMANPMAN is a parallelogram. Let PLPL be a bisector in triangle MPNMPN. Line PDPD intersects MNMN in point QQ. Prove that points BB, QQ, LL, and CC are cyclic.

(Mykhaylo Plotnikov, Danylo Khilko)

Solution

First, we are going to prove that ∠BDP=∠AMN\angle BDP = \angle AMN and ∠PDC=ANM\angle PDC = ANM. Indeed, MP∥ACMP \parallel AC, NP∥ABNP \parallel AB, because PMANPMAN is a parallelogram (fig. 38). Then ∠MPB=∠ABC=∠ACB=∠NPC\angle MPB = \angle ABC = \angle ACB = \angle NPC, meaning that △BMP∼△PNC\triangle BMP \sim \triangle PNC. We also note that BCBC is a bisector of interior angle △MPN\triangle MPN. Then BPPC=MPNC\frac{BP}{PC} = \frac{MP}{NC}. Using MP=ANMP = AN one gets NC=NP=AM⋅PBPC=ANAMNC = NP = AM \cdot \frac{PB}{PC} = \frac{AN}{AM}.

Notice that △BDC\triangle BDC is isosceles, and ∠CBD=∠BCD\angle CBD = \angle BCD. By cosine law for triangles BPDBPD and CPDCPD:
BPsin⁡∠BDP=PDsin⁡∠CBD=PDsin⁡∠BCD=PCsin⁡∠PDC. \frac{BP}{\sin \angle BDP} = \frac{PD}{\sin \angle CBD} = \frac{PD}{\sin \angle BCD} = \frac{PC}{\sin \angle PDC}.
From here it follows that sin⁡∠PDCsin⁡∠BDP=PCBP\frac{\sin \angle PDC}{\sin \angle BDP} = \frac{PC}{BP} and sin⁡∠PDCsin⁡∠BDP=AMAN\frac{\sin \angle PDC}{\sin \angle BDP} = \frac{AM}{AN}. By sine law for △AMN\triangle AMN
we have sin⁡∠ANMsin⁡∠AMN=AMAN\frac{\sin \angle ANM}{\sin \angle AMN} = \frac{AM}{AN}. Finally we get sin⁡∠PDCsin⁡∠BDP=sin⁡∠ANMsin⁡∠AMN\frac{\sin \angle PDC}{\sin \angle BDP} = \frac{\sin \angle ANM}{\sin \angle AMN}.

Noticing
∠PDC+∠BDP=∠BDC=180∘−∠MAN=∠MNA+∠AMN \angle PDC + \angle BDP = \angle BDC = 180^\circ - \angle MAN = \angle MNA + \angle AMN
yields ∠PDC=∠MNA\angle PDC = \angle MNA and ∠PDB=∠AMN\angle PDB = \angle AMN.

Going further, ∠QMD=∠AMN=∠QDB\angle QMD = \angle AMN = \angle QDB, hence MQBDMQBD is cyclic. Considering triangle CPDCPD and PLMPLM gives
∠CDP=∠NMP=∠ANM,∠LPM=90∘−∠MPB=90∘−∠ACB=∠PCD, \angle CDP = \angle NMP = \angle ANM, \quad \angle LPM = 90^\circ - \angle MPB = 90^\circ - \angle ACB = \angle PCD,
meaning that △CPD∼△PLM\triangle CPD \sim \triangle PLM.

Therefore CPLP=CDMP\frac{CP}{LP} = \frac{CD}{MP}. Using MP=MBMP = MB and CD=DBCD = DB, one gets CPLP=BDMB\frac{CP}{LP} = \frac{BD}{MB}.

Considering triangles LPCLPC and MBDMBD gives ∠MBD=∠LPC=90∘\angle MBD = \angle LPC = 90^\circ, implying (together with the previous equality) △LPC∼△MBD\triangle LPC \sim \triangle MBD.

Finally,
∠LPC=∠MDB=180∘−∠BQM\angle LPC = \angle MDB = 180^\circ - \angle BQM, meaning that ∠BQL+∠LCB=180∘\angle BQL + \angle LCB = 180^\circ, i.e. that the quadrilateral BQLCBQLC is cyclic.

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