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Geometry Difficulty 6.2 National Olympiad Prove it Saudi Arabia

Points AA, BB, CC, DD lie on a line in this order. Draw parallel lines aa and bb through AA and BB, respectively, and parallel lines cc and dd through CC and DD, respectively, such that their points of intersection are vertices of a square. Prove that the side length of this square does not depend on the length of segment BCB C.

Solutions — 2

Solution 1

Denote by xx the side length of the square and construct BB′⊥aB B^{\prime} \perp a, CC′⊥dC C^{\prime} \perp d, where B′∈aB^{\prime} \in a, C′∈dC^{\prime} \in d. Let α\alpha be the angle defined by lines aa and ABA B.

Figure 1

In triangle AB′BA B^{\prime} B we have x=ABsin⁡αx = A B \sin \alpha, and in triangle CC′DC C^{\prime} D we have x=CDcos⁡αx = C D \cos \alpha. It follows
(xAB)2+(xCD)2=sin⁡2α+cos⁡2α=1, \left(\frac{x}{A B}\right)^{2} + \left(\frac{x}{C D}\right)^{2} = \sin^{2} \alpha + \cos^{2} \alpha = 1,
hence
x=AB⋅CDAB2+CD2 x = \frac{A B \cdot C D}{\sqrt{A B^{2} + C D^{2}}}
and the conclusion follows.

Figure 1

Remark. We have tan⁡α=CDAB\tan \alpha = \frac{C D}{A B} and this formula shows how we can construct the lines aa, bb, cc, dd through points AA, BB, CC, DD in order to get the square. Let BB′′⊥ABB B^{\prime\prime} \perp A B and BB′′=CDB B^{\prime\prime} = C D. Then construct the line a=AB′′a = A B^{\prime\prime} and d⊥ad \perp a. Finally, construct b∥ab \parallel a and c∥dc \parallel d.

Solution 2

(Saleh Saeed Al-Gamdi and Abrar Abdulmanem Al-Shaikh).

Figure 2

In order to prove that the side length of the square does not depend on the length of segment BCB C it suffices to draw parallel lines to line ADA D. Then the square is fixed; we get all possible configurations for the segment BCB C. The first position is A′D′A^{\prime} D^{\prime}, where points BB, CC coincide with one vertex of the square.

Figure 2

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